Goliath was the champion warrior of Gath who represented the Philistines in the Valley of Elah during their war against King Saul and Israel. Armed with heavy bronze armor, a massive spear, and an armor-bearer, he repeatedly issued single-combat challenges to the Israelite forces.
The Combat
The deadlock was broken by David, a young shepherd who accepted the challenge without conventional armor. Armed only with his shepherd's staff, a sling, and five smooth stones from the stream, David struck Goliath in the forehead, causing the giant to fall and prompting the route of the Philistine army.
Significance
The defeat of Goliath marked David's sudden elevation from rural obscurity to national military leadership. This victory established the early renown that eventually carried David to the kingship in Jerusalem, laying the foundation for the royal house and the reign of his son Solomon.